公路橋梁橡膠支架是由多層橡膠片和剛性的加勁物(主要包括薄鋼板或者是鋼筋、鋼絲網(wǎng))構(gòu)成，同時(shí)橡膠與加勁物之間為了可以連接的更加牢固，通常運(yùn)用涂膠、加壓硫化的處理方法。一般情況下公路橋梁橡膠支架沒有能夠抵擋側(cè)向位移，所以為了防止因?yàn)闄M向力或者是橋梁斜交二導(dǎo)致的側(cè)向位移，—通常需要進(jìn)行橫向限位處理公路橋梁橡膠支架與支撐結(jié)構(gòu)物。
The rubber support of highway bridge is composed of multi-layer rubber sheet and rigid stiffener (mainly including steel sheet or steel bar, steel wire mesh). At the same time, in order to connect the rubber and stiffener more firmly, the treatment methods of gluing and pressure vulcanization are usually used. Generally, the rubber support of highway bridge can not resist the lateral displacement, so in order to prevent the lateral displacement caused by the lateral force or the skew of the bridge, the rubber support of highway bridge can not resist the lateral displacement; It is usually necessary to carry out lateral limit treatment for rubber supports and supporting structures of highway bridges.
公路橋梁橡膠支架的病害主要包括以下幾方面：
（1）公路橋梁橡膠支架的剪切變形和壓縮變形太大。導(dǎo)致公路橋梁橡膠支架壓縮或者是剪切變形太大的主要因素有支座的安裝質(zhì)量、支架的本身質(zhì)量和橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)施工。如果公路橋梁橡膠支架本身質(zhì)量就存在問題，抗壓彈性模量或者是抗剪彈性模量指標(biāo)沒有達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求，導(dǎo)致公路橋梁橡膠支架的豎向變形太大，給橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)帶來安全的威脅。另外如果個(gè)別橡膠支架有脫空等病害的出現(xiàn)，則有可能導(dǎo)致其他支座受力太刀造成變形。橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)安裝環(huán)境太高或太低，造成混凝土脹縮和徐變，再或者是設(shè)計(jì)橋梁縱坡太大，都可能給公路橋梁橡膠支架的變形過大造成印象。
（2）支架脫空。公路橋梁橡膠支架與橋梁的上部結(jié)構(gòu)的底面或者是支座與下部的墊石之間出現(xiàn)縫隙是支座脫空的具體表現(xiàn)。造成脫空的因素很多，支座墊石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高度控制不準(zhǔn)確，墊石強(qiáng)度太低造成受壓破碎和梁體伸縮太大都有可能導(dǎo)致板式橡膠支座脫空的出現(xiàn)。
The diseases of highway bridge rubber support mainly include the following aspects:
(1) The shear deformation and compression deformation of rubber support of highway bridge are too large. The main factors that lead to the compression or shear deformation of the rubber support of highway bridge are the installation quality of the support, the quality of the support itself and the design and construction of the bridge. If the quality of highway bridge rubber support itself has problems, the compressive modulus of elasticity or shear modulus of elasticity index does not meet the design requirements, resulting in the vertical deformation of highway bridge rubber support is too large, which brings a threat to the safety of the bridge structure. In addition, if some rubber supports have defects such as void, it may lead to deformation of other supports. The installation environment of bridge structure is too high or too low, resulting in concrete expansion and creep, or the design of bridge longitudinal slope is too large, may give the impression of the deformation of highway bridge rubber support is too large.
(2) The bracket is empty. The gap between the rubber support of highway bridge and the bottom of the upper structure of the bridge or between the bearing and the lower cushion stone is the specific performance of bearing void. There are many factors causing the void, such as inaccurate control of the standard height of the bearing pad stone, too low strength of the pad stone resulting in crushing and too much expansion of the beam body, which may lead to the void of the plate rubber bearing.
（3）公路橋梁橡膠支架內(nèi)部加勁物外漏。公路橋梁橡膠支架內(nèi)部的鋼板或者鋼筋網(wǎng)等加勁物外露是這種病害的具體表現(xiàn)。導(dǎo)致這種病害發(fā)生的主要因素是因?yàn)殇摪寤蜾摻z網(wǎng)等加勁物位置不對(duì)，導(dǎo)致外側(cè)的保護(hù)層厚度過薄，當(dāng)公路橋梁橡膠支架發(fā)生裂縫或是嚴(yán)重老化后，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致鋼板外露的現(xiàn)象
（4）支座表面開裂。公路橋梁橡膠支架的表面出現(xiàn)水平裂縫或者是網(wǎng)狀裂紋這種病害的表現(xiàn)，當(dāng)公路橋梁橡膠支架的裂縫寬度大于0.2cm時(shí)，即為嚴(yán)重裂縫，一定要進(jìn)行處理。導(dǎo)致公路橋梁橡膠支架表面開裂主要因素是因?yàn)橄鹉z支座質(zhì)量不好或者是養(yǎng)護(hù)措施不對(duì)，造成橡膠支架老化喪失作用。
(3) The internal stiffener of rubber support of highway bridge leaks. The concrete manifestation of this disease is that the steel plate or steel mesh and other stiffeners inside the rubber support of highway bridge are exposed. The main cause of this disease is that the steel plate or steel mesh and other stiffeners are not in the right position, resulting in the thickness of the outer protective layer is too thin. When the rubber support of highway bridge cracks or serious aging, the steel plate will be exposed
(4) The bearing surface cracked. The surface of rubber support of highway bridge appears horizontal crack or reticular crack. When the crack width of rubber support of highway bridge is greater than 0.2cm, it is a serious crack and must be treated. The main reason for the surface cracking of rubber support of highway bridge is that the quality of rubber support is not good or the maintenance measures are not right, resulting in the aging of rubber support.